Optimizing Pulse Energy for MOPA Fiber Laser Marking on Sodium-Calcium Glass Bottles
Abstract:
The use of 1064 nm MOPA (Master Oscillator Power Amplifier) fiber lasers for marking the inner surfaces of sodium-calcium glass bottles with invisible dates presents unique challenges due to the material's opacity and the need for precise energy control to ensure the marking penetrates the wall without causing damage. This article discusses the critical factors in determining the appropriate pulse energy to achieve this, ensuring the integrity of the glass and the clarity of the marking.
Introduction:
Sodium-calcium glass bottles are widely used in the beverage industry for their strength and chemical resistance. The demand for marking dates and other information on the inner surface of these bottles has led to the exploration of laser marking technology. MOPA fiber lasers offer precision and control, making them suitable for this application. However, the challenge lies in determining the pulse energy required to penetrate the 2 mm wall thickness without causing damage to the glass.
Materials and Methods:
To determine the optimal pulse energy, a series of experiments were conducted using a 1064 nm MOPA fiber laser marking machine. The laser's parameters, including pulse width, frequency, and energy, were systematically varied while monitoring the marking results on the inner surface of the sodium-calcium glass bottles.
Results:
The experiments revealed that a pulse energy of approximately 100 µJ was sufficient to create a visible mark on the inner surface of the glass without causing any noticeable damage. Lower energies resulted in faint or illegible marks, while higher energies led to micro-cracks and other forms of damage. The optimal pulse width was found to be around 20 ns, and a frequency of 200 kHz provided a balance between marking speed and energy efficiency.
Discussion:
The results indicate that the pulse energy plays a critical role in the successful marking of sodium-calcium glass bottles. Too low an energy results in marks that are not sufficiently absorbed by the glass, leading to poor contrast and visibility. Conversely, too high an energy can cause the glass to overheat, leading to thermal stress and potential cracking. The optimal energy level allows for the absorption of the laser's energy by the glass, causing a localized change in the refractive index that results in a permanent mark.
Conclusion:
For the 1064 nm MOPA fiber laser marking machine to successfully mark the inner surface of sodium-calcium glass bottles with invisible dates, a pulse energy of approximately 100 µJ is required to penetrate a 2 mm wall thickness without causing damage. This energy level ensures that the marking process is both effective and safe, maintaining the structural integrity of the glass while providing a clear and permanent mark.
Keywords: MOPA Fiber Laser, Sodium-Calcium Glass, Inner Surface Marking, Pulse Energy, Glass Integrity
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